Esophageal Atresia Associated with Congenital Duodenal Obstruction: Turkish Esophageal Atresia Registry (TEAR) Evaluation.

INTRODUCTION: Coexistent congenital duodenal obstruction and esophageal atresia (EA) is known to have significant morbidity and mortality. Management strategies are not well-defined for this association. The data from the Turkish EA registry is evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A database search was done for the years 2015 to 2022. RESULTS: Among 857 EA patients, 31 (3.6%) had congenital duodenal obstruction. The mean birth weight was 2,104 (± 457) g with 6 babies weighing less than 1,500 g. Twenty-six (84%) had type C EA. The duodenal obstruction was complete in 15 patients and partial in 16. Other anomalies were detected in 27 (87%) patients. VACTERL-H was present in 15 (48%), anorectal malformation in 10 (32%), a major cardiac malformation in 6 (19%), and trisomy-21 in 3 (10%). Duodenal obstruction diagnosis was delayed in 10 (32%) babies for a median of 7.5 (1-109) days. Diagnosis for esophageal pathologies was delayed in 2. Among 19 babies with a simultaneous diagnosis, 1 died without surgery, 6 underwent triple repair for tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF), EA, and duodenal obstruction, and 3 for TEF and duodenal obstruction in the same session. A staged repair was planned in the remaining 9 patients. In total, 15 (48%) patients received a gastrostomy, the indication was long-gap EA in 8. Twenty-five (77%) patients survived. The cause of mortality was sepsis (n = 3) and major cardiac malformations (n = 3). CONCLUSION: Congenital duodenal obstruction associated with EA is a complex problem. Delayed diagnosis is common. Management strategies regarding single-stage repairs or gastrostomy insertions vary notably depending on the patient characteristics and institutional preferences.

Enhanced recovery after surgery in congenital duodenal obstruction.

BACKGROUND: The present study aims to explore the clinical application of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in pediatric patients with congenital upper gastrointestinal obstruction (CUGIO). METHODS: A total of 82 pediatric patients with CUGIO admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit in Kunming Children's Hospital between June 2017 and June 2021 were enrolled in the present study and divided into two groups: the ERAS group (n = 46) and the control group (n = 36). The ERAS management mode was adopted in the ERAS group, and the conventional perioperative management mode was adopted in the control group. RESULTS: In the ERAS group and the control group, the time to the first postoperative bowel movement was 49.2 ± 16.6 h and 58.4 ± 18.8 h, respectively, and the time to the first postoperative feeding was 79 ± 7.1 h and 125.2 ± 8.3 h, respectively. The differences in the above two indicators between the two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). In the ERAS group, the days of parenteral nutrition and the length of hospital stay were 14.5 ± 2.3 d and 18.8 ± 6.4 d, respectively. In the control group, 17.6 ± 2.2 d and 23.1 ± 8.1 d, respectively. The differences in these two indicators between the two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The ERAS management model had a positive effect on early postoperative recovery in pediatric patients with CUGIO.

Congenital duodenal web causing partial obstruction with recurrent vomiting and abdominal distention in a toddler boy: a case report.

BACKGROUND: The duodenal web is a thin, elongated, web-like structure that is one of the factors contributing to duodenal obstruction. Only 100 cases have been reported in the literature. We present a 2.5-year-old cachectic Afghan child who did not have any overt signs and symptoms of intestinal obstruction, like recurrent vomiting, abdominal distention, and weight loss. The web was discovered near the intersection of the third and fourth portions, which is an uncommon location for the duodenal web. The late presentation of congenital duodenal web with partial obstruction is rare but well-known and has been reported in this case. CASE PRESENTATION: A 2.5-year-old cachectic Afghan child who had recurrent vomiting and experienced abdominal distention was brought to Maiwand Teaching Hospital from the Jabelsuraj region of Parwan province. The patient was suffering from unusual signs and symptoms like recurrent vomiting, abdominal distention, weight loss, and constipation. The diagnosis of these anomalies was established by a detailed history, clinical features, and abdominal CT scan. In the computerized tomography scanning (CT-Scan) image reported, there was a web with stenosis and partial obstruction in the distal aspect of the third-to-fourth portion of the duodenum. After preoperative stabilization, the child was taken for surgery. The abdomen was opened by a right upper abdominal transverse incision. After web resection and duodenoplasty, the patient was shifted to the recovery room in satisfactory condition. The child was allowed to feed after 8 days, which he tolerated well. CONCLUSION: Congenital duodenal web with partial obstruction is typically observed in the second and third years of life. It is suspected in patients with recurrent vomiting, abdominal distention, weight loss, and constipation. Partial obstruction may not have an overt presentation, making it a challenging diagnosis for general practitioners. Abdomen X-ray and CT scan usually confirm the diagnosis, and successful surgical intervention is recommended.

IgG4-related disease of duodenal obstruction due to multiple ulcers in a 12-year-old girl.

BACKGROUND: Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic inflammatory disease and affected individuals typically present with an increased infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells in the pancreas, hepatobiliary tract, and liver but rarely in the gastrointestinal tract. CASE PRESENTATION: A 12-year-old girl presented with vomiting and poor weight gain. Gastroscopy revealed duodenal stenosis and ulceration. Computed tomography revealed edematous duodenal wall thickening and air-fluid levels on the right side of the duodenum, which suggested duodenal perforation or penetration. She underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy, and IgG4-RD was diagnosed via histopathology. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first pediatric case of isolated duodenal IgG4-RD resulting in duodenal obstruction after multiple ulcers. Gastrointestinal IgG4-RD should be among the differential diagnoses of unexplained gastrointestinal obstruction or ulceration even in children.

The beneficial effects of the transanastomotic feeding tube in the management of congenital duodenal obstruction: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the evidence on the efficacy and safety of transanastomotic feeding tubes (TAFTs) in neonates with congenital duodenal obstruction (CDO), we conducted a systematic review. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using the databases EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane, we carried out a thorough literature search up to 2022. Studies comparing TAFT + and TAFT - for CDO were included. We applied a random effect model. RESULTS: 505 CDO patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected. The TAFT + group had a shorter time to reach full feeds (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -6.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -8.83 - -4.43; p < 0.001) and had significantly less central venous catheter (CVC) insertion (I2 = 85%) (RR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.19-1.00; p < 0.05). Fewer patients in the TAFT + group received parenteral nutrition (PN) (I2 = 78%) (RR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.20-0.95; p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of the development of sepsis (I2 = 37%) (risk ratio [RR]: 1.35, 95% CI: 0.52-3.46; p > 0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed in terms of length of stay (I2 = 82%) (WMD: 2.22, 95% CI: -7.59-12.03; p > 0.05) and mortality (I2 = 0%) (RR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.07-4.34; p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The use of the transanastomotic tube resulted in early initiation of full feeding, less CVC insertion, and less need for PN.

OBJETIVO: Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la evidencia sobre la eficacia y seguridad de TAFT en recién nacidos con CDO, realizamos una revisión sistemática. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Utilizando las bases de datos EMBASE, PubMed y Cochrane, realizamos una búsqueda bibliográfica exhaustiva hasta 2022. Se incluyeron estudios que compararan TAFT + y TAFT - para CDO. Aplicamos un modelo de efectos aleatorios. RESULTADOS: Se seleccionaron 505 pacientes con ODC que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. El grupo TAFT + tuvo un tiempo más corto para alcanzar la alimentación completa (DMP -6.63, IC del 95 %: −8.83 a −4.43; p < 0.001) y tuvo una inserción de CVC significativamente menor. Menos pacientes en grupo TAFT + recibieron NP (I2 = 78%) (RR: 0.43, IC del 95%: 0.20 a 0.95; p < 0.05). No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa en cuanto al desarrollo de sepsis. No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a la duración de la estancia (I2 = 82 %) (DMP 2.22, IC del 95 %: −7.59 a 12.03; p < 0.05) y mortalidad (I2=0 %) (RR: 0.55, IC del 95 % 0.07 a 4.34; p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONES: El uso de la sonda transanastomótica resultó en el inicio temprano de la alimentación completa, menor inserción de CVC y menor necesidad de NP.

Combined esophageal and duodenal atresia: A review of the literature from 1950 to 2020.

The combination of duodenal atresia (DA) and esophageal atresia (EA) is very rare. With improvements in prenatal sonography and the use of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), these malformations can be diagnosed in a more accurate and timely manner; polyhydramnios remains the most common sign despite having a low specificity. The high rate of associated anomalies (in 85% of cases) can also impact neonatal management and increase the morbidity rate; thus, it is of paramount importance to look for every possible associated malformation, such as VACTERL and chromosomic anomalies. The surgical management of this combination of atresias is not well defined and changes according to the patient's clinical status, the type of EA, and the other associated malformations. Management ranges from a primary approach for one of the atresias with delayed correction of the other (56.8%) to a simultaneous repair of both atresias (33.8%) with or without gastrostomy, or total abstention (9.4%). We suggest that a simultaneous approach can be safely performed on patients in good physical condition, with a birth weight over 1500 g, and with no major respiratory distress; this method begins by closing the tracheoesophageal fistula to protect the lung and then repairing the DA. The mortality rate has decreased over the years, dropping from 71% before 1980 to 24% after 2001. In this review, we present the available evidence on these conditions, focusing mostly on the epidemiology, prenatal diagnosis, neonatal management strategies, and outcome, with the aim of determining how the different clinical features and surgical approaches may impact on morbidity and mortality.

Obstrução duodenal por cálculo - síndrome de bouveret: um relato de caso / Duodenal obstruction by calculus - bouveret syndrome: a case report

Introdução: A Síndrome de Bouveret é uma complicação rara, causada por um cálculo biliar grande que obstrui o intestino por meio de uma fístula e tem como principais sintomas: náuseas, vômitos, dor abdominal e distensão. O diagnóstico é feito por meio de exames de imagem, o tratamento é desafiador e pode envolver cirurgia ou procedimentos endoscópicos. Tem morbimortalidade considerável, mas a falta de diretrizes padrão dificulta o diagnóstico e o tratamento. Objetivos: Apresentar um relato de caso de paciente com características fisiopatológicas e diagnóstico de Síndrome de Bouveret, discutir a sintomatologia clínica, diagnóstico, tratamento e o desfecho cirúrgico. Método: Relato de caso realizado por revisão de prontuário e exames de paciente com síndrome de Bouveret. Apresentação: Feminina, 62 anos, quadro clínico compatível com obstrução duodenal. Tomografia de abdômen: imagem ectópica radiopaca, distensão hidroaérea intestinal, sugerindo cálculo biliar, confirmada através de endoscopia digestiva alta. Submetida a gastrotomia, seguida de gastrorrafia, sem reparo da fístula colecistogástrica. Discussão: Síndrome de Bouveret é mais comum em idosos e mulheres com antecedentes de cálculos biliares grandes. O diagnóstico é feito por meio de exames de imagem, geralmente por tomografia computadorizada e o tratamento visa remover o cálculo e aliviar a obstrução intestinal de maneira menos invasiva possível. Por alto risco cirúrgico, o tratamento endoscópico por meio de métodos como retirada com cesta ou litotripsia é indicado, porém, requer múltiplos procedimentos e possui limitações. A abordagem cirúrgica pode ser realizada em um ou dois tempos, dependendo das condições do paciente. Conclusão: Exames de imagens aliados à clínica são essenciais para o diagnóstico e tratamento com gastrostomia e o reparo de fistula em dois tempos se mostra uma ótima opção

Introduction: Bouveret syndrome is a rare complication, caused by a large gallstone that obstructs the intestine through a fistula and has as main symptoms: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and distension. The diagnosis is made through imaging tests, the treatment is challenging and may involve surgery or endoscopic procedures. It has considerable morbidity and mortality, but the lack of standard guidelines makes diagnosis and treatment difficult. Objectives: To present a case report of a patient with pathophysiological characteristics and diagnosis of Bouveret syndrome, to discuss the clinical symptomatology, diagnosis, treatment and surgical outcome. Method: Case report performed by review of medical records and examinations of patients with Bouveret syndrome. Presentation: Female, 62 years old, clinical picture compatible with duodenal obstruction. Abdominal CT scan: radiopaque ectopic image, intestinal hydrorespiratory distension, suggesting gallstone, confirmed by upper digestive endoscopy. Submitted to gastrotomy, followed by gastrorraphy, without repair of the cholecystogastric fistula. Discussion: Bouveret syndrome is more common in the elderly and women with a history of large gallstones. The diagnosis is made through imaging tests, usually by computed tomography and the treatment aims to remove the stone and relieve intestinal obstruction in the least invasive way possible. Due to high surgical risk, endoscopic treatment through methods such as basket removal or lithotripsy is indicated, however, it requires multiple procedures and has limitations. The surgical approach can be performed in one or two times, depending on the patient's conditions. Conclusion: Imaging exams combined with the clinic are essential for diagnosis and treatment with gastrostomy and two-stage fistula repair is a great option

Introducción: El Síndrome de Bouveret es una complicación rara, causada por un gran cálculo biliar que obstruye el intestino a través de una fístula y tiene como síntomas principales: náuseas, vómitos, dolor abdominal y distensión. El diagnóstico se realiza a través de pruebas de imagen, el tratamiento es desafiante y puede involucrar cirugía o procedimientos endoscópicos. Tiene una morbilidad y mortalidad considerables, pero la falta de pautas estándar dificulta el diagnóstico y el tratamiento. Objetivos: Presentar un reporte de caso de un paciente con características fisiopatológicas y diagnóstico de Síndrome de Bouveret, discutir la sintomatología clínica, diagnóstico, tratamiento y resultado quirúrgico. Método: Reporte de caso realizado mediante revisión de historias clínicas y exámenes de un paciente con síndrome de Bouveret. Presentación: Mujer, 62 años, cuadro clínico compatible con obstrucción duodenal. Tomografía de abdomen: imagen ectópica radiopaca, distensión intestinal hidroaérea, sugestiva de cálculos biliares, confirmada por endoscopia digestiva alta. Sometido a gastrotomía, seguida de gastrorrafia, sin reparación de la fístula colecistogástrica. Discusión: El síndrome de Bouveret es más común en ancianos y mujeres con antecedentes de cálculos biliares grandes. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante pruebas de imagen, generalmente por tomografía computarizada, y el tratamiento tiene como objetivo eliminar el cálculo y aliviar la obstrucción intestinal de la forma menos invasiva posible. Debido al alto riesgo quirúrgico, está indicado el tratamiento endoscópico mediante métodos como la extracción con canastilla o la litotricia, sin embargo, requiere múltiples procedimientos y tiene limitaciones. El abordaje quirúrgico se puede realizar en una o dos etapas, dependiendo de las condiciones del paciente. Conclusión: Los exámenes de imagen combinados con la clínica son fundamentales para el diagnóstico y tratamiento con gastrostomía y la reparación de fístulas en dos tiempos demuestra ser una gran opción.

Incidental Preduodenal Portal Vein Causing Partial Duodenal Obstruction and Hypertrophied Pre-Pyloric Gastric Polyp.

Preduodenal portal vein (PDPV) is a rare congenital anomaly in which the portal vein lies anterior to the duodenum rather than its normal posterior position. It is a known rare cause of duodenal obstruction and can be associated with other anomalies such as malrotation with or without jejunal atresia. Presented is an incidentally found PDPV causing partial duodenal obstruction during exploration for the resection of a gastric mass and placement of open gastrostomy tube for feeding. This was managed with duodenoduodenostomy, re-creating normal anatomy with portal.

[Delayed complication of surgical treatment of duodenal atresia in neonatal period]. / Pozdnee oslozhnenie khirurgicheskogo lecheniya atrezii dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki v neonatal'nom periode.

We report a 48-year-old woman who underwent surgery in early neonatal period for duodenal atresia and developed subsequent diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Symptoms of gastric outlet obstruction, gastrointestinal bleeding and malnutrition developed over the past 5 years. Inflammatory and cicatricial lesions of gastrojejunostomy formed for congenital duodenal obstruction following annular pancreas required reconstructive surgery.

Salvage endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastrojejunostomy as a bridge to definitive surgical therapy for duodenal adenocarcinoma presenting with duodenal stent obstruction.

The utilization of endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastrojejunostomy (EUS-GJ) in the setting of an obstructed (ingrown) duodenal stent as a bridge to pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) remains undescribed. Herein, we report a case study of a 51-year-old patient who underwent EUS-GJ using lumen apposing metal stent (LAMS) for an obstructed duodenal stent during neoadjuvant treatment for duodenal adenocarcinoma. The patient ultimately underwent surgical resection by a classic PD 14 weeks after LAMS placement. EUS-GJ using LAMS represents a potential option as a salvage bridge to surgery for duodenal obstruction in the setting of an obstructed duodenal stent.

Pancreaticoduodenal Artery Aneurysm Rupture Presenting as Duodenal Obstruction Successfully Treated with Early Transcatheter Arterial Embolization: A Case Report of Suspected Segmental Arterial Mediolysis.

Visceral aneurysms are a rare but important form of abdominal vascular disease. Rupture of the aneurysms leads to serious symptoms, such as acute abdomen or abdominal bleeding. However, duodenal obstruction due to arterial rupture of an aneurysm is very rare. We herein report a 50-year-old woman with suspected segmental arterial mediolysis (SAM) who was first diagnosed with acute abdomen and duodenal obstruction. Rupture of a pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysm was confirmed, and she was treated with transcatheter arterial embolization. In cases of acute abdomen, SAM is a rare but important possibility to consider as a differential diagnosis.

Spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma with duodenal obstruction with diagnostic use of endoscopic ultrasound: A case series and literature review.

Spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma is rare and can cause duodenal obstruction. We report four cases of spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma with duodenal obstruction, wherein endoscopic ultrasound was useful for diagnosis. The patients complained of vomiting with stable vital signs. Computed tomography, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and endoscopic ultrasound findings were similar in all cases. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a low-density mass around the 2nd to 3rd part of the duodenum. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed an edematous, reddish, but non-neoplastic duodenal mucosa with stenosis of the lumen. Endoscopic ultrasound revealed a low-echoic mass around the duodenum and high-echoic floating matter suggesting debris and anechoic areas that indicated a liquid component. These findings suggested hematomas or abscesses. Although pseudoaneurysm of the pancreaticoduodenal artery was suspected in Case 3, we chose conservative treatment because the aneurysm was small. In Case 4, median arcuate ligament syndrome was suspected on angiography. No aneurysms or arteriovenous malformations were found; thus, endovascular embolization was not performed. The patients were treated conservatively and discharged within 3-5 weeks. English literature queries on spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma with duodenal obstruction in MEDLINE revealed 21 cases in 18 studies. The clinical features of these patients and the present four cases have been discussed.

[Intraluminal endoscopy for biliary duodenal obstruction]. / Vnutriprosvetnaya endoskopiya pri biliarnoi duodenal'noi neprokhodimosti.

Cholelithiasis complicated by cholecystoduodenal fistula and small bowel biliary obstruction is an absolute indication for surgical treatment. Modern possibilities of intraluminal endoscopy (electrohydraulic lithotripsy) made it possible to avoid intra-abdominal access (laparotomy, laparoscopy) and postoperative complications. Finally, rapid rehabilitation was noted.

Unique case of abdominal aortic aneurysm causing obstructive jaundice and duodenal obstruction.

Obstruction of the duodenum by an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) (aortoduodenal syndrome) has rarely been reported. It presents with symptoms of upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract obstruction. Obstructive jaundice caused by an AAA is also extremely rare and requires high clinical suspicion. We present a unique case with informed consent of an elderly gentleman who presented with both rare presentations over a course of few months. After extensive literature search, we have found case reports of patients showing either of the two unusual presentations, but none were found to show them together.